facupfinal英超-英超 fpl

英文英超介绍

Name:Barclays Premier League

Teams(now):

Chelsea

Man Utd

Liv'pool

Tot'ham

Arsenal

Blackb'n

West Ham

Bolton

N'castle

Wigan Athletic

Everton

Charlton

Man City

M'brough

Fulham

Aston Villa

Portsm'h

Birm'ham

West Brom

Sun'land

The Barclays Premiership is widely regarded as the elite club competition in world football and is the flagship of the game's governing body in England - the Football Association

THE HISTORY OF THE F.A. PREMIER LEUE

The FA Premier League was formed on 20 February 1992 and took over as the top professional league from season 1992-93. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions.

A number of events during the mid and late eighties had sent clear signals that fundamental changes were needed to the structure of professional football.

On 11 May 1985 56 fans lost their lives when fire broke out at Bradford City's ground. Later that season, on 29 May, the European Cup final between Liverpool and Juventus saw the Heysel disaster. Violence broke out between rival supporters, which led to the deaths of 39 fans and resulted in a five-year blanket ban on English clubs in European football. Disaster also struck in April 1989 when 96 football fans were killed and over 150 seriously injured at Sheffield Wednesday's ground, Hillsborough, as they became crushed on an overcrowded terrace at the FA Cup semi final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest.

The English game was at possibly its lowest ebb. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters were faced with poor facilities, hooliganism was rife and English football was exiled from European competition. The old First Division became a selling League as many top players were lured by the financial attractions of the Continent.

Following Hillsborough, Lord Justice Taylor recommended a huge programme of investment in order to make football grounds safe and comfortable environments for supporters and to help eliminate crowd disorder problems of the past. One of the key elements of the Report was the introduction of an all-seater policy at designated football grounds.

Football’s image had been severely tarnished and the English game was suffering from an acute lack of investment. By 1992 Clubs were facing huge costs, as the scale of meeting the recommendations of the Taylor report became arent. In addition many top Clubs voiced growing concerns over their inability to compete for the top players in the transfer market and bridge the gap with European clubs who had advanced considerably during the English Clubs' enforced exile from European competition.

A radical restructuring of the game was required if English football was to prosper.

A proposal for the establishment of the League was tabled that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17th July 1991 by the game’s top-flight clubs established the basic principles for setting up the F.A. Premier League.

The newly formed top division would he commercial independence from the Football Association and the Football League, giving the F.A. Premier League license to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements.

In 1992 the First Division Clubs resigned from the Football league en masse and on the 27th May 1992 the F.A. Premier League was formed as a limited company, which worked out of an office at the then Football Association’s headquarters, Lancaster Gate.

From the outset of the F.A. Premier League there was a commitment to reduce the league from twenty-two clubs to twenty, reflecting the collective will to the development of excellence in the game at club and international level. This change was made at the end of the 1994-95 season.

The first matches kicked off on Saturday 15th August 1992 and when Brian Deane scored the first ever F.A. Premier League goal few could he imagined that the competition would come so far in such a short period time. One of the major factors in this rapid development was the F.A. Premier League’s relationship with television.

Television has played a major role in the history of the F.A. Premier League. The money from TV deals has been vital in helping to create excellence both on and off the field. The initial decision to go with Sky was, again, a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was a relatively untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However a combination of Sky’s marketing strategy, the quality of the F.A. Premier League football and the public’s etite for the game has seen the value of the F.A. Premier League’s broadcast rights soar and delivered huge benefits to the game.

The first Sky television agreement was worth ?191 million over five seasons. The next contract, negotiated to start from the 19/98 season, rose to ?670 million over four seasons. The Premier League’s current ?1.024 billion deal with BSkyB runs over the course of three seasons from August 2004.

The money generated from the broadcast and sponsorship deals has helped transform the F.A. Premier League into the best domestic league competition in the world. Club's stadia and facilities in the 1980’s were often said to be more akin to those of the 1880’s. Fans watched as their Clubs invested over ?1 billion transforming their grounds, making their stadia the envy of Europe.

Attracted by rising standards the likes of Jurgen Klinnsmann, Gianfranco Zola and Gianluca Vialli were soon earing at top-flight grounds.

The F.A. Premier League continues to attract the world’s finest players. There are now over 250 foreign players in the Barclays Premiership. An indication of their quality is the fact that 101 stars from England’s domestic leagues competed in the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan.

In addition to attracting top overseas stars foreign es also started plying their trade in the F.A. Premier League. The likes of Ruud Gullit, Arsene Wenger and Gerrard Houllier introduced ing techniques and practices that he served to benefit all aspects of the game.

The cosmopolitan makeup of the F.A. Premier League, as well as the exciting style of play, has contributed to the league’s growing international popularity. Overseas television coverage has also grown to such a level that matches are now seen in over 195 countries to a home reach of 450 million people worldwide.

The F.A. Premier League’s top teams were now competing in Europe with notable successes for Manchester United (Champions League 1999), Arsenal (Cup Winners' Cup 1994), Chelsea (Cup Winners' Cup 1998) and Liverpool (UEFA Cup 2001). In the 2004/05 season the Premier League had a total of six Clubs involved in European competition – Arsenal, Chelsea, Manchester United, Liverpool, Newcastle and Middlesbrough.

The will to pursue excellence at all levels can be seen through the creation of the F.A. Premier League Academy structure. Developed in tandem with the Football Association’s ‘Charter for Quality’ it was launched in 1998. This investment in skills and facilities will help create the Premiership and international footballers of the future. Already some of the graduates of the academy system are performing star roles in the Barclays Premiership, such as Joe Cole and Damien Duff, and it is hoped that the establishment of the Barclays Premiership Reserve League will help assist the development of Academy players to the first-team.

The F.A. Premier League’s ?20 million investment in the Football Foundation in partnership with , Sport England and the Football Association will help ensure that the grassroots of the game receive the necessary funding where it is required most. Through the Foundation a new generation of modern football facilities in parks, local leagues and schools is being put in place, as well as providing capital and revenue support.

The last 11 years has seen great improvements in the relationship between Clubs and their supporters. Acting upon the recommendations of the Football Task Force the Premier League has overseen the introduction of Club Customer Charters to ensure fans get a fair deal from their Club. The F.A. Premier League also commissions an annual fan survey and oversees Club supporter panels in order that supporter’s views are aired at every level.

The history of the F.A. Premier League is one of setting standards for others to follow both on and off the field. Together with the Clubs new ideas are constantly being discussed and implemented to help maintain the F.A. Premier League as the leading domestic league competition. The 2001/02 season saw the introduction of ‘professional’ referees. Under the stewardship of Keith Hackett the Select Group are committed to increasing standards of consistency, decision making and fitness for the good of the game and the competition.

The F.A. Premier League, in partnership with the Clubs, is formulating a comprehensive corporate social responsibility programme. Using the motivational, educational and community based attributes intrinsic to football to work with society’s young and disadvantaged. Our work with the Prince’s Trust, Football Aid, Kick it Out and departments helps thousands of people every year.

Twelve years after its formation, the F.A. Premier League has confirmed its position as the world’s best domestic league competition. Over 10,000 goals he been scored and almost 150 million people he passed through the turnstiles, with erage attendances rising to an all-time high of 34,445 in 2002-3, some 68% up from the inaugural season.

Undouedly the most successful team in the history of the F.A. Premier League has been Manchester United with eight titles out of the 12 – a magnificent achievement and testament to the managerial skills of Sir Alex Ferguson. However there he been many great teams, players and moments: Blackburn Rovers return to the big time with Jack Walker’s millions, Kenny Dalglish’s guidance and Alan Shearer’s goals; Newcastle United, dubbed ‘the entertainers’ under Kevin Keegan; two stylish doubles for Arsenal under Arsene Wenger; Liverpool’s re-emergence and a five-cup haul under the passionate and determined Gerrard Houllier. What is certain is that during the course of a Premier League season many stories unfold. Each year the competition has produced twists and turns at both ends of the table. Indeed, the race for the title in 1995-96 was so close, Wembley Stadium had been booked on Thursday 16th May and tickets printed for a one-off title decider between Manchester United and Newcastle United.

The 2001/02 season saw the F.A. Premier League end its nine-year association with Carling to start a new partnership with Barclaycard.

The first season of the Barclaycard Premiership saw possibly the most interesting and exciting title race in the history of the F.A. Premier League. Arsenal – unbeaten away all season, unbeaten home and away since Christmas and scoring in every game – were crowned Champions with only one game to go after being pushed all the way by Liverpool, Manchester United and Newcastle.

The second season of the Barclaycard Premiership matched the first for excitement and tension in the title race. Manchester United launched a superb run which saw them end the season with an 18-match unbeaten streak of 15 wins and three draws, collecting 48 points from a possible 54 to overhaul reigning champions Arsenal in the closing stages of the campaign. Newcastle and Chelsea were also in contention and secured deserved Champions League places. Former champions Blackburn ended the season with a flourish to secure a UEFA Cup place alongside Liverpool and defeated FA Cup finalists Southampton.

And the third season saw history made, with champions Arsenal going through the entire 38-game campaign unbeaten, as part of their 49-match record-breaking undefeated league run.

The 2004/05 season saw Barclays take over as the title sponsor and the emergence of a new force in the top division, with Chelsea becoming the fourth club to lift the title with a record haul of 95 points from their 38 games - 12 points clear of second-placed Arsenal.

The following year saw Wigan Athletic become the 39th member of the Premier League as they gained promotion alongside Sunderland and West Ham United.

REFEREES IN THE PREMIER LEUE

With the advent of professional referees in 2001, the Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMOL) was formed to provide match officials for all professional football matches played in England.

The Board is made up of the chief executives of the Football Association, the FA Premier League and the Football League.

The General Manager (Keith Hackett), National Group Manager (Jim Ashworth) and FA Referee Manager (Joe Guest) work to maintain and improve standards of refereeing in England and report to the Board on a monthly basis.

The General Manager is responsible for the training, development and monitoring of an elite group of 19 Referees and 38 Assistant Referees who will work together come match day.

Hackett also decides which referees will officiate at Barclays Premiership matches, selected Football League matches and consults with the Football Association over FA Cup/UEFA ointments.

The top-flight referees are continually monitored at games and attend fortnightly meetings in which, amongst other matters, their performances, via the use of ProZone, are evaluated.

The PGMOL has employed Matt Weston on a full time basis as its Sports Scientist to work with the match officials in designing intensive training sessions to help maintain and build performance levels.

The PGMOL is sponsored by Emirates Airline whose investment will result in significant investment in the training and development of officials at all levels of the game.

英超联赛英文介绍阿森纳

Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Holloway, London. The club play in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. One of the most successful clubs in English football, they he won 13 First Division and Premier League titles and a record 12 FA Cups.

Founded in 1886, Arsenal became the first club from the south of England to join the Football League in 1893. They won five League Championships and two FA Cups in the 1930s and became the second club to win the League and FA Cup Double in the 20th century in the 11. In the 1990s and 2000s, Arsenal won a Cup Double, two further League and FA Cup Doubles, went through the 2003–04 season undefeated and became the first London club to reach the UEFA Champions League Final.

The club's colours are traditionally red and white. Founded in Woolwich, south-east London, in 1913 they moved north across the city to Arsenal Stadiumin Highbury. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal contest the North London derby with rivals Tottenham Hotspur.

Arsenal has one of the highest incomes and largest fanbases in the world. The club was named the fifth most valuable association football club, valued at $1.3 billion, in 2014.

曼联的历史

曼彻斯特联队是英国足坛的一支老牌劲旅，成立于1878年，当时是由英格兰开夏和约克夏铁路公司工人组成的一支业余球队，取名为牛顿赫斯队。1885年转为职业队，1892年加入英国足球联盟，1902年改名为曼彻斯特联队。曼彻斯特联队成立一个多世纪以来，经历了无数的胜利和失败，也经历了一场令世人震惊的灾难。曼联队的第一顶盛时期出现在20世纪初期，在1908年到1911年四年期间，曼联队在主教练查普曼的带领下夺得两次联赛冠军和1次足总杯冠军。成为当时英国足坛最受人们欢迎的一支球队，因球队队服为红色，球迷们给曼联队取了一个绰号，称之为"英国足坛的红魔"。但在接下来的日子里，曼联队表现越来越差，最终竟然降组到了乙级队的行列，跌入了低谷。50年代中期，曼联队在教练巴斯比的调教下，迎来了第二次高峰期。当时欧洲各国职业足球不断发展，大量资金涌入足球比赛中，使各国球队越来越看重联赛中的获胜。曼联队也不例外，他们花重金买进或留住了沃勒特、泰勒、维兰、查尔顿等一批优秀的球星，并且在1956年和1957年两度在联赛中夺冠。在1956-57赛季和1957-58赛季两届欧洲冠军杯比赛中进入半决赛，第一次输给了马德里队。当他们第二次冲击欧洲冠军杯时，一场史无前例的空难，使曼联队再度与冠军失之交臂，那是1958年2月6日，一架满载曼联队员的飞机，在慕尼黑机场失势坠毁，机上曼联队的8名运动员、3名官员及8名记者身亡，教练巴斯比也身受重伤，曼联队的空难引起了世界足坛的震惊，社会各界，从英格兰银行到球迷纷纷解囊相助，在短时期内重建了一支曼彻斯特联队，幸存者和新加盟球员组成的曼联队，在半决赛中主场2-1击败前来挑战的意大利AC米兰队，但在客场以0-4失利，最终曼联队再次与冠军无缘。60年代中期，曼联队迎来了它迄今为止最为辉煌的时期。这时的曼联队拥有博比-查尔顿、乔治-和丹尼斯-劳三位世界级球星，在主力阵容中有6名球员身价超过30万英镑。在巴斯比的指挥下，球队终于在1968年5月29日，在伦敦以4-1战胜葡萄牙本菲卡队，为英国首次赢得了欧洲冠军杯，查尔顿也终于实现了他在不幸遇难的队友们的墓前所发的誓言。70年代的曼联虽然拥有基德、罗布森、哈罗斯等名将，但由于整个俱乐部疏于管理，政策方针十分混乱，一直没能再获佳绩。1986年11月5日，阿里克斯-弗格森来到英格兰执教曼联队，他给曼联队带来了又一个春天。弗格森面临巨大的压力，毫不退缩，他调整了队伍的战术打法，给他的队伍溶入了更多的技术成份，而不再一味地踢传统的英式足球，在他的苦心经营下，曼联队在1990年获得了足总杯冠军，1991年获得了欧洲优胜者杯和欧洲超级杯冠军，结束了英国球队长达23年与欧洲三大杯冠军无缘的历史。1992年曼联队力夺联赛杯冠军和联赛亚军，1993-94赛季曼联队夺得联赛和杯赛两项冠军，成为英国足坛上第6支在一个赛季夺得两项大赛冠军的球队，弗格森也被英国《足球世界》评为当年的"最佳教练"，这也是英国教练员首次获得这一殊荣。被足球行家们喻为是90年代普拉蒂尼的法国人坎通纳，是曼联队中唯一一个连续四个赛季都获得联赛冠军的队员（1990-91赛季代表马赛获法国联赛冠军，1991-92赛季代表利兹联队获英格兰联赛冠军，1992-93赛季，1993-94赛季代表曼联队获英格兰联赛冠军），1994年，他还被评为"英格兰足球先生"，这是第一位外籍球员在英格兰获此殊荣。他已成为曼联队的象征，只要有他上场的比赛场面绝对精彩，球迷也非常踊跃。1995-96赛季和1996-赛季，在他的带领下，曼联队连续两次问鼎联赛冠军。1996-赛季结束后，他宣布退役，这对曼联来说是一重大损失。自1992-93赛季联赛改革以来，曼联队一直在延续着她的辉煌历史，除了布莱克本和阿森纳在其间各夺得过一次冠军外，曼联包揽了所有的联赛冠军。1999年，曼联更是创造了三冠王（联赛、足总杯、欧洲冠军联赛）的奇迹。步入了新的世纪，曼联继续着他的辉煌，1999-00赛季和2000-01赛季以领先第二名10分以上的绝对优势，连续两年获得联赛的桂冠。

自1990年以来，曼联2002年第3次颗粒无收。弗格森放弃了退休打算，卷土重来。里奥-费迪南德以创纪录的价格加盟，缓解了后防危机。2002-03赛季，曼联在联赛落后阿森纳8分的情况下夺冠。 2003年7月2日，曼联巨星贝克汉姆完成体检，正式加盟西甲巨人马德里。8月5日，曼联北美巡回赛凯旋，缺了贝克汉姆依然横扫凯尔特人、尤文图斯和巴塞罗那。8月10日，曼联点球决胜击败阿森纳，夺得"社区盾"。2004年，曼联被葡萄牙的波尔图队挡在冠军杯八强门外，这是八年以来曼联首次与冠军联赛八强无缘。

历史纪录

历史上最大联赛胜利: 9-0 伊普斯维奇城队（1995.03.04.英超联赛）

历史上最大杯赛胜利: 10-0 安德莱赫特队（1956.09.26.欧洲冠军杯）

历史上最大的失利: 0-7 布莱克本流浪者队（1926.04.10.英甲联赛）

0-7 阿斯顿维拉队（1930.12.27.英甲联赛）

0-7 沃尔夫汉普顿队（1931.12.26.英乙联赛）

单季联赛最高积分（2分制）: 64分（1956-57英甲联赛）

单季联赛最高积分（3分制）: 92分（1993-94英超联赛）

单季联赛最多进球: 103球（1956-57英甲联赛、1958-59英甲联赛）

单季联赛进球最多球员: 32球,丹尼斯-维奥雷特（1959-60英甲联赛）

历史上进球最多的球员: 199球,鲍比-查尔顿（1956-73）

历史上出场最多的球员: 606场，鲍比-查尔顿（1956-73）

22道伤痕历历在目

1987.05.04: 热刺4-0曼联；

1989.09.23: 曼城5-1曼联；

1989.10.25: 曼联0-3热刺（联赛杯）

1989.12.26: 维拉3-0曼联

1990.05.02: 诺丁汉森林4-0曼联

1990.09.16: 利物浦4-0曼联

1991.05.11: 水晶宫3-0曼联

1991.10.23: 马德里竞技3-0曼联（联盟杯）

1992.01.01: 曼联1-4园林巡游者

1992.08.19: 曼联0-3埃弗顿

1994.11.02: 巴塞罗那4-0曼联（冠军杯）

1995.09.20: 曼联0-3约克城（联赛杯）

1996.01.01: 热刺4-1曼联

1996.10.20: 纽卡斯尔5-0曼联

1996.10.26: 南安普敦6-3曼联

1998.09.20: 阿森纳3-0曼联

1999.10.03: 切尔西5-0曼联

2000.02.12: 纽卡斯尔3-0曼联

2001.11.05: 阿森纳4-0曼联（联赛杯）

2001.12.01: 曼联0-3切尔西

2002.10.29: 马卡比海法3-0曼联（冠军杯）

2004.03.14: 曼城4-1曼联

主要荣誉

英甲联赛冠军: 7次（1907-08, 1910-11, 1951-52, 1955-56, 1956-57, 1964-65, 1966-67）

英超联赛冠军: 8次（1992-93, 1993-94, 1995-96, 1996-, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2000-01,2002-03）

英甲联赛亚军: 10次（1946-47, 1947-48, 1948-49, 1950-51, 1958-59, 1963-64, 1967-68, 19-80, 1987-88, 1991-92）

英乙联赛冠军: 2次（1935-36, 14-75）

英乙联赛亚军: 4次（1896-, 1905-06, 1924-25, 1937-38）

英格兰足总杯冠军: 10次（1909, 1948, 1963, 17, 1983, 1985, 1990, 1994, 1996,1999）

英格兰足总杯亚军: 5次（1957, 1958, 16, 19, 1995）

英格兰联赛杯冠军: 1次（1992）

英格兰联赛杯亚军: 3次（1983, 1991, 1994）

欧洲冠军杯冠军: 2次（1967-68, 1998-99）

欧洲优胜者杯冠军: 1次（1990-91）

欧洲超级杯冠军: 1次（1991）

丰田杯冠军: 1次（1999）

英超球队简介（有英语的最好）

英格兰官方网站

://212.95.232.145/fapl/html_gb/home.htm

自己去看吧`` 都是英文的一、活在埃弗顿的阴影下

1878年，利物浦的同城对手埃弗顿俱乐部成立，他们当时在安菲尔德球场进行比赛。1892年，一次关于商业运作的争吵导致了内部的分裂，一部分人离开安菲尔德，迁移到古迪逊公园球场，俱乐部的名字仍然是埃弗顿。俱乐部约翰-霍尔丁和另一部分人留在了安菲尔德，由于注册时晚了一步，他们无法再使用埃弗顿这个名字，后来霍尔丁决定，改用整个城市的名字来命名俱乐部，于是在1892年3月15日，利物浦足球俱乐部成立了，1894年，俱乐部确定了红色的队服。

早期的利物浦队

由于埃弗顿的存在，利物浦一开始的生存是艰难的。约翰-麦肯纳(John McKenna)成为了俱乐部历史上第一位主教练。在此之前，很多球员离开安菲尔德去了埃弗顿，麦肯纳不得不到苏格兰去寻找球员。在那里，他一口气招募了12名队员，但是也正因为这样，利物浦的受关注程度远不及埃弗顿，因为当地人不愿意去观看一支由苏格兰人组成的球队比赛。

在第一次申请加入足球联盟被拒绝后，利物浦只能在兰开夏郡联赛中比赛。1892年9月1日，他们在安菲尔德踢了自己的第一场比赛，7比1击败了罗塞汉姆队，巧合的是，就在同一天，埃弗顿也踢了搬迁到古迪逊公园后的首场比赛，结果来到安菲尔德观赛的球迷只有寥寥数百人，而去看埃弗顿踢球的人却超过万人。

两天后利物浦队踢了他们在兰开夏联赛的首场比赛，利物浦队再次以8-0的悬殊获得胜利。因为客队的迟到，这场比赛被推迟了几个小时才进行。这次又是只有几百名球迷目击了球队的大胜。比赛这天利物浦队的队长麦克韦恩在掷硬币中获胜，他选择了朝着安菲尔德路的方向开始上半场的比赛。直到今天，很多利物浦队的队长都沿袭着这个传统。俱乐部的首场正式比赛是1892年9月3日主场对阵沃尔顿，然而这次利物浦队再次以8-0取胜。

1年后，利物浦被接纳进了足球联盟，但在第一个赛季里就不幸降级，不过12个月后，他们以乙级冠军的身份杀了回来，在第二年里又在甲级联赛中排名第五，第一次高过了死敌埃弗顿。在随后的10多年中，利物浦虽然几次经历降级的打击，但也有两次夺取联赛冠军的辉煌(1901、1906)，他们终于在利物浦城站稳了脚跟。

二、香克利的革新

在50年代之前，利物浦又三次夺取联赛冠军(1922、23、47)，但进入50年代，球队却陷入了低谷。1953-54赛季，利物浦在甲级联赛中排名垫底，降入了乙级，之后数年内，红军都在乙级联赛的泥潭中挣扎，却无力脱逃。

香克利签约！

1959年12月，在前任主帅泰勒辞职后，利物浦做出了一个后来被载入史册的决定，任命霍斯菲尔德队的教练比尔-香克利(Bill Shankly)为新主帅，结果这位般的人物在5年里将一支在乙级中挣扎的球队变成了英格兰甲级联赛冠军，并且就此奠定了利物浦的霸主地位。

香克利在接手利物浦之前，进行了很多铺垫，此前球员的转会权在董事会手里，但经过谈判，出生在苏格兰的香克利成了第一个能够自由挑选球员的主帅，而且大到转会决策、小到球场草皮的修缮，他都下大力气整改。当时效力利物浦的球员罗杰-亨特回忆说：“香克利上任后，给俱乐部带来了很多新东西，他说服俱乐部在购员上投资，改造了很多训练方式，我们还得到了全新的训练设备，球场也从泥泞不堪变得绿草茵茵，香克利就像一股新鲜空气，给球队带来了新生。”

在入主后的12个月里，香克利对球队进行了大换血，1年时间里被他卖掉的球员就达22人，引进球员则是按照他的建队理念来判断。当时的利物浦球星莫兰回忆说：“他给我们带来了很多小型的分队练习，这种训练方式非常好，而过去我们总是在练习跑步。”同时，香克利还是心理学大师，据利物浦50年代的球员希克森回忆，香克利总是轻蔑的评论如博比-查尔顿这样的巨星，为的就是给球员增加信心。

第一次足总杯称雄

1959年12月19日，香克利输掉了第一场正式比赛，利物浦0比4惨败给卡蒂夫。但在他的执教和影响下，红军开始了明显的上升势头，60年代初，利物浦不但升回甲级，而且逐渐成为了一支劲旅，在香克利执教期间，大批天才球员来到利物浦。凯文-基冈(Kevin Keegan)、托沙克(John Toshack)等人，构建起一支令人畏惧的队伍。1963-64赛季，香克利第一次率队夺取了联赛冠军，红军霸业初成。1965年，利物浦第一次夺取了足总杯冠军，之后的一年又称雄联赛。13年，香克利再度夺取联赛冠军，同年还拿到了欧洲联盟杯，14年的足总杯冠军则是他送给利物浦的最后荣誉。

13-74赛季结束后，香克利意外的宣布辞去主教练职务，60岁的他打算更多的和妻子尼斯以及家人在一起，这个决定一度震惊了利物浦城。1981年9月，香克利因为心脏病去世，他的好友、前曼联主帅巴斯比爵士在听到这个消息时，悲痛的在电话中长时间说不出话。

三、青出于蓝

香克利辞职后，继任者的合适人选只有一个人，鲍勃-派斯利(Bob Paisley)。派斯利是利物浦球员出身，此前长期辅佐香克利，熟悉球队情况。不过一开始，派斯利并不愿意接手，香克利留下的成绩太辉煌了，任何继任者都要面对巨大压力，最终，利物浦董事会花费很大努力说服了他，派斯利正式上任。

利物浦应该感到，他们为香克利找到了一位出色的继任，派斯利的成就甚至超越了香克利，在执教的9年时间里，派斯利为利物浦带来了惊人的19座冠军奖杯，其中包括6次联赛冠军(16、77、79、80、82、83)、3次欧洲冠军杯冠军(17、78、81)、3次联赛杯冠军(1981、82、83)、1次欧洲联盟杯(16)、1次欧洲超级杯(17)和5次慈善盾冠军(14、76、77、80、82)。香克利开创了一个时代，派斯利则把它发扬光大，在这位不情愿的继任者手里，利物浦不仅仅奠定了英格兰霸主的地位，而且还成为了那个时期欧洲最好的球队。

伟大的派斯利

16-77赛季，利物浦第一次染指欧洲冠军杯，红魔在欧洲赛场打上了自己的烙印。在罗马举行的决赛中，对手是门兴格拉德巴赫，麦克德莫特率先破门，在对手扳平后，基冈冲入禁区获得点球，尼尔罚进了最关键的一球。“我们为国家赢得了荣誉，这也是我最成功的时刻，”派斯利在赛后说，“不过我不想喝酒，我要清醒的体验现在的每一秒，今晚我和教皇会是罗马最清醒的两个人。”

18年，利物浦蝉联了欧洲冠军杯，并于1981年再度捧杯，派斯利将红军带上了最高峰。对于这位神奇的主教练，爱将达格利什(Kenny Dalglish)有这样的回忆。“他是所有人中最伟大的，他对于足球的认识令人惊叹，有时候他看着球员走上两步，就知道是否受伤了或者伤在哪里。不会再有像派斯利这样的教练了。”

17年，当基冈离开后，派斯利将达格利什签下作为替代者，结果后者成为了利物浦历史上的巨星。同时被派斯利签下的还有索内斯(Graeme Souness)和汉森(Alan Hansen)，他们构建了新利物浦的骨架。

1982-83赛季后，派斯利辞去了利物浦主帅，法甘(Joe Fagan)成为了他的继任者。1996年，派斯利去世，利物浦在安菲尔德球场修建了派斯利门，向这位致敬。

四、海瑟尔惨案

1983年，利物浦告别了派斯利时代，继续向前迈进。在主教练法甘的带领下，他们延续着辉煌。1983-84赛季，利物浦夺取了联赛、联赛杯的冠军，并在意大利击败了罗马，再次称雄欧洲冠军杯。

此时的利物浦令所有对手畏惧，10年里7夺英联赛冠军、4捧欧洲冠军杯，红军开创了一个伟大的王朝。但是，1985年5月的一场祸事却让这一切戛然而止，利物浦的灾难性转折突然到来，这就是海瑟尔惨案。

1985年5月29日，利物浦与尤文图斯在冠军杯中交锋，地点在比利时布鲁塞尔的海瑟尔体育场。由于球票工作的混乱，现场没能把利物浦和尤文图斯的球迷分隔开，甚至出现了双方球迷互相掺杂的看台。开赛前一个小时，冲突爆发，利物浦的球迷发起了攻击，尤文图斯球迷四散而逃，在拥挤至一道围墙时，年久失修的墙壁突然倒塌，39个球迷遇难，其中有38名尤文球迷。

为了忘却的纪念

在随后进行的比赛中，尤文图斯1比0击败利物浦，夺取了冠军杯。红军前锋拉什回忆说：“发生那样的事情后，决赛已经注定不会有完美的结局了。我认为当我们的罗尼-威兰被绊倒绝对应该判罚点球，而他们那个点球的犯规地点其实是在禁区外的。但相对于那天的惨案来说这些都已经不重要了。我们都没有心思去比赛了，你去问问有谁是在真正比赛的，即使你去问尤文图斯的队员，他们也没有心思认真踢了，那已经不像是冠军杯决赛，简直就像一场游戏。似乎我们都只应付着踢完比赛然后急着去看看我们的家人以及其他所有人是否都还好。”

海瑟尔惨案后，欧足联做出了重罚，英格兰俱乐部被禁止参加欧洲赛事长达5年，而利物浦的禁赛期则为7年。就这样，红军在欧洲的辉煌突然中断，没有人能说清如果惨案没有发生，那支强盛的利物浦还能夺取几次冠军杯，但自那之后，红军和英格兰足球元气大伤，一场人为的惨剧成了历史的转折点。

五、走下神坛

在球员兼教练达格利什的率领下，利物浦希望走出海瑟尔惨案的阴影。1986年，红军夺取了联赛和足总杯的双冠王，值得他们骄傲的是，获得两项赛事亚军的都是埃弗顿，利物浦将同城死敌牢牢的压在身下。

那支般的红军

在达格利什手下，拉什、巴恩斯、比尔兹利等天才球员延续着利物浦的辉煌，他们是英格兰技术最好、配合最流畅的球队，他们可以长时间的互相传球，而让对手摸不着球。在利物浦王朝最后的辉煌中，这支红军3夺联赛冠军，3捧足总杯，他们是利物浦人最后的骄傲。

希尔斯堡惨案带给了利物浦又一个沉重的打击。1989年4月15日，超过2万5千名利物浦球迷南下希尔斯堡体育场，去观看利物浦与诺丁汉森林的足总杯半决赛。他们之中有96人走上了不归之路。当天阳光明媚，本应是双方俱乐部和球迷的节日，但最终却发生了英格兰足球历史上最恐怖的灾难。在希尔斯堡惨案中，Leppings Lane看台发生骚乱和踩踏，96名利物浦球迷丧生。

悼念亡灵

巴恩斯在回忆这次悲剧时说：“希尔斯堡惨案使我弄清了人生的重要意义。在那之前，我总是要让一切都充满希望。但发生在Leppings Lane看台的悲剧使我不禁认真思考自己的人生。足球失去了它的意义，足球并不是生命的全部，也不应该是生命的结局。当96名球迷在一场比赛中丧命，孩子们失去父亲或者父亲失去了儿子时，足球还能是什么呢！香克利说过‘足球不仅是事关生死的事，而且重于生死。’在那一刻似乎不再正确。足球只不过是一场比赛，一场游戏，或许值得追求，但又岂能与生命本身相比？”

1989年的希尔斯堡惨案让利物浦再一次元气大挫，在那个赛季，他们在大好形势下将联赛冠军拱手让给阿森纳，球队士气陷入空前的低迷。虽然一年后重夺冠军，但却已是夕阳余晖，那支曾经让全英格兰乃至整个欧洲畏惧的利物浦走上了下坡路，进入90年代，曼联的崛起取代了红军的霸主地位，一个王朝宣告覆灭。

六、新时代的转机

1991年，达格利什不堪重压辞去了利物浦帅位，后由索内斯继任，但这却是俱乐部一个糟糕的决定，索内斯没有带来成就，离开时却留下了不少的问题。1995年，罗伊-埃文斯(Roy Evans)出任利物浦主帅，第一个赛季就率队夺取了联赛杯，在他的手下，利物浦着重年轻化，建立起一支富有的队伍。

在那个时期，一批优秀的年轻人进入了人们的视线。福勒(Robbie Fowler)、欧文(Michael Owen)、麦克马纳曼(Steve McManaman)、雷德克纳普(Jamie Redkn)……但在埃文斯的手下，这支球队却没有赢得过任何重大赛事的奖杯，在球迷的呼声下，法国人霍利尔(Gerard Houllier)进入教练组，和埃文斯联合执教，并在几个月后成为主教练。在他的带领下，利物浦在2001年取得了新的辉煌，他们获得了足总杯、联赛杯和欧洲联盟杯的三冠王，既而又称雄欧洲超级杯，成为了当之无愧的杯赛之王。

时代的交接

不过，联赛中的糟糕成绩，还是让霍利尔付出了代价，2004年夏天，利物浦迎来了主教练的更迭。西班牙人贝尼特斯(Rafael Benitez)走马上任，这标志着一个全新时代的开始。在他执教的头两个赛季里，拿到了两项重要赛事的冠军。2004-05赛季，利物浦在冠军杯决赛0比3落后的情况下神奇逆转AC米兰，登上了欧洲之巅，贝尼特斯也成为继切尔西主帅穆里尼奥后，第二个在两个赛季里接连夺取联盟杯和冠军杯的现役教头。2006年，利物浦再次上演神奇逆转，击败西汉姆夺取了足总杯冠军。

2006年6月，贝尼特斯和利物浦续约4年，他期待率领红军迈向更高峰，并向着阔别16年的联赛冠军冲击，利物浦也希望在这位掌门人的带领下，重演当年香克利和派斯利时代的辉煌

2010-2011赛季英超新赛季赛程

新赛季的英超联赛将于8月14日开幕，切尔西队首战对阵西布朗维奇，他们将在12月18日主场迎战曼联，5月7日倒数第3轮客场再与曼联过招。上赛季英超四强的第一场交手将在10月2日上演，卫冕冠军坐镇主场迎战阿森纳队，而在节礼日那一天的比赛中，切尔西则将做客酋长球场挑战阿森纳。

请教关于足球的专业术语释义及其该名词的英文

场地名称篇

field / pitch 足球场

midfield 中场

backfield 后场

kickoff circle / center circle 中圈

halfway line 中线

touchline / sideline 边线

goal line 球门线

end line 底线

penalty mark （点球）罚球点

penalty area 禁区（罚球区）

goal area 小禁区（球门区）

球队称谓篇

教练

head 主教练

football player 足球运动员

referee 裁判

lineman 巡边员

captain / leader 队长

forward / striker 前锋

midfielder 前卫

left midfielder 左前卫

right midfielder 右前卫

attacking midfielder 攻击型前卫（前腰）

defending midfielder 防守型前卫（后腰）

center forward 中锋

full back 后卫

center back 中后卫

left back 左后卫

right back 右后卫

sweeper 清道夫，拖后中卫

goalkeeper / goalie 守门员

cheer team 拉拉队

足球技术篇

kick-off 开球

bicycle kick / overhead kick 倒钩球

chest-high ball 半高球

corner ball / corner 角球

goal kick 球门球

handball 手球

header 头球

penalty kick 点球

place kick 定位球

own goal 乌龙球

hat-trick 帽子戏法

free kick 任意球

direct free kick 直接任意球

indirect free kick 间接任意球

stopping 停球

chesting 胸部停球

pass 传球

short pass 短传

long pass 长传

cross pass 横传

spot pass 球传到位

consecutive passes 连续传球

take a pass 接球

triangular pass 三角传球

flank pass 边线传球

log pass 高吊传球

volley pass 凌空传球

slide tackle 铲球

rolling pass / ground pass 地滚球

flying header 跳起顶球

clearance kick 解围

shoot 射门

close-range shot 近射

long shot 远射

offside 越位

throw-in 掷界外球

block tackle 正面抢截

body check 阻挡

fair charge 合理冲撞

diving header 鱼跃顶球

dribbling 盘球，带球

clean catching （守门员）接高球

finger-tip se （守门员）托救球

offside 越位

deceptive movement 动作

break through 突破

kick-out 踢出界

足球战术篇

set the pace 掌握进攻节奏

ward off an assault 击退一次攻势

break up an attack 破坏一次攻势

disorganize the defence 搅乱防守

total football 全攻全守足球战术

open football 拉开的足球战术

off-side trap 越位战术

wing play 边锋战术

time wasting tactics 拖延战术

4-3-3 formation 433阵型

4-4-2 formation 442阵型

beat the offside trap 反越位成功

foul 犯规

technical foul 技术犯规

break loose 摆脱

control the midfield 控制中场

set a wall 筑人墙

close-marking defence 盯人防守

比赛方式篇

half-time interval 中场休息

round robin 循环赛

group round robin 小组循环赛

extra time 加时赛

elimination match 淘汰赛

injury time 伤停补时

golden goal / sudden death 金球制，突然死亡法

eighth-final 八分之一决赛

quarterfinal 四分之一决赛

semi-final 半决赛

final match 决赛

preliminary match 预赛

one-sided game 一边倒的比赛

competition regulations 比赛条例

disqualification 取消比赛资格

match ban 禁赛命令

doping test 药检

draw / sortition 抽签

send a player off 判罚出场

red card 红牌

yellow card 黄牌

goal 球门，进球数

draw 平局

goal drought 进球荒

ranking 排名（名次）